Energy Levels and Wave Functions of Vector Bosons in Homogeneous Magnetic Field

We aimed to obtain the energy levels of spin-1 particles moving in a constant magnetic field. The method used here is completely algebraic. In the process to obtain the energy levels the wave function is choosen in terms of Laguerre Polynomials.Comment: 13 pages, no figure

Improving the Active Green Space Ratio in Coastal Cities in Turkey

The active green space ratio in urban areas in Turkey has been determined as 10 m2 per capita in accordance with the Construction Law no. 3194. However, this ratio couldn’t be reached in most of the cities on the country scale in Turkey. This ratio of green space in urban areas per capita has been determined as 12,68 m2 for Izmir, and 11,52 m2 for Adana which are the two of the case cities of this study. One of the major factors that effect to reach this standard is the extension of the master plan boundaries. In spite of this, this ratio is very low (3,1 m2) in Antalya, the third case city of this study, although the city is one of the most important tourism centers of Turkey (TUIK, 2016, Izmir Metropolitan Municipality, 2013, Manavoglu and Ortacesme, 2007, Adana Metropolitan Municipality, 2016, Antalya Metropolitan Municipality, 2016). The urban transportation network of which the importance and the intensity is increasing depending on the population growth in urban areas effects the environmental factors and the quality of urban life. In coastal cities of Turkey which have rich ecosystem diversity, housing on green areas causes road construction and the harm given to the natural features of the city increase. Main roads and streets fall short depending on population growth in these ever-growing cities and new roads are needed. Roads that take more space than available green fields in cities are continuously in interaction with people from streets to avenues. In this respect, making use of median strips in urban green fields of coastal cities has gained more importance in terms of contributing to the urban aesthetic and ecology. There are many functional and visual positive effects of the road plant that surround the constructional islands, generate the corridors that link the urban green areas and the natural areas around the city (Table 1). An important condition of the road trees in urban areas to fulfill the functions expected of them depends on their growth and develop as healthy individuals. Whereas some conditions of urban areas such as the urban climate that can be different from the rural areas around the city, soil and environmental pollution, lack of adequate habitats, pollutions caused by human activities may limit the plant growth. In urban areas while the temperature, rainfall, fog occurrence and the cloudiness increase, rational humidity, radiation, and sunshine duration decrease compared to the rural areas. In urban areas there can be seen an air pollution of dust and particle 10 times, particles as gas form 5 - 25 times more than the rural areas (Harris et al., 2004; Schwets and Brown, 2000). Roads may have difficult conditions for plant growth for various plant types the trees being in the first place. The soil structure of urban areas change and soil compaction occurs depending on various activities which sometimes causes inadequate soil for a tree and its roots (Kadir and Othman, 2012). Nonetheless for the roads to be green is very important for entire city. Greenways are the only features that can link the natural and divided green areas in urban areas (Poracsky and Scoot, 1999; Schaefer, 2003). In this study, the planting problems in urban roads of some important coastal cities of Turkey such as Adana, Antalya and Izmir have been determined and some solution offers have been tried to develop. Plantation studies in urban roads include several advantages such as ensuring traffic security, forming visual value, having a positive effect on people psychologically and physically, regulating the city climate, decreasing the environment pollution, contributing to the biological diversity by creating a living space for various creatures. In addition, it will be possible to form an organic structure in cities by establishing relationship between green corridors constructed by urban roads and urban green fields and natural fields around the city

Acute myocardial infarction and coronary vasospasm associated with the ingestion of cayenne pepper pills in a 25-year-old male

Capsaicin, one of the major active components of cayenne pepper pills, is an over-the-counter substance with sympathomimetic activity used commonly by young individuals for weight loss. Here we report the case of a previously healthy young male who developed severe chest pain after using cayenne pepper pills for slimming and sustained an extensive inferior myocardial infarction. Electrocardiography combined with a bedside transthoracic echocardiogram confirmed the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. The patient denied using illicit substances, and he had no risk factors for coronary artery disease. His medication history revealed that he had recently started taking cayenne pepper pills for slimming. A subsequent coronary angiogram revealed patent coronary arteries, suggesting that the mechanism was vasospasm. We postulate that the patient developed acute coronary vasospasm and a myocardial infarction in the presence of this known sympathomimetic agent. This case highlights the potential danger of capsaicin, even when used by otherwise healthy individuals

Search for the standard model Higgs boson in the H to ZZ to 2l 2nu channel in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV

A search for the standard model Higgs boson in the H to ZZ to 2l 2nu decay channel, where l = e or mu, in pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV is presented. The data were collected at the LHC, with the CMS detector, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 4.6 inverse femtobarns. No significant excess is observed above the background expectation, and upper limits are set on the Higgs boson production cross section. The presence of the standard model Higgs boson with a mass in the 270-440 GeV range is excluded at 95% confidence level.Comment: Submitted to JHE

Search for anomalous t t-bar production in the highly-boosted all-hadronic final state

A search is presented for a massive particle, generically referred to as a Z', decaying into a t t-bar pair. The search focuses on Z' resonances that are sufficiently massive to produce highly Lorentz-boosted top quarks, which yield collimated decay products that are partially or fully merged into single jets. The analysis uses new methods to analyze jet substructure, providing suppression of the non-top multijet backgrounds. The analysis is based on a data sample of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5 inverse femtobarns. Upper limits in the range of 1 pb are set on the product of the production cross section and branching fraction for a topcolor Z' modeled for several widths, as well as for a Randall--Sundrum Kaluza--Klein gluon. In addition, the results constrain any enhancement in t t-bar production beyond expectations of the standard model for t t-bar invariant masses larger than 1 TeV.Comment: Submitted to the Journal of High Energy Physics; this version includes a minor typo correction that will be submitted as an erratu

Search for New Physics with Jets and Missing Transverse Momentum in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV

A search for new physics is presented based on an event signature of at least three jets accompanied by large missing transverse momentum, using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36 inverse picobarns collected in proton--proton collisions at sqrt(s)=7 TeV with the CMS detector at the LHC. No excess of events is observed above the expected standard model backgrounds, which are all estimated from the data. Exclusion limits are presented for the constrained minimal supersymmetric extension of the standard model. Cross section limits are also presented using simplified models with new particles decaying to an undetected particle and one or two jets

Combined search for the quarks of a sequential fourth generation

Results are presented from a search for a fourth generation of quarks produced singly or in pairs in a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5 inverse femtobarns recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC in 2011. A novel strategy has been developed for a combined search for quarks of the up and down type in decay channels with at least one isolated muon or electron. Limits on the mass of the fourth-generation quarks and the relevant Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix elements are derived in the context of a simple extension of the standard model with a sequential fourth generation of fermions. The existence of mass-degenerate fourth-generation quarks with masses below 685 GeV is excluded at 95% confidence level for minimal off-diagonal mixing between the third- and the fourth-generation quarks. With a mass difference of 25 GeV between the quark masses, the obtained limit on the masses of the fourth-generation quarks shifts by about +/- 20 GeV. These results significantly reduce the allowed parameter space for a fourth generation of fermions.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Measurement of the Z/gamma* + b-jet cross section in pp collisions at 7 TeV

The production of b jets in association with a Z/gamma* boson is studied using proton-proton collisions delivered by the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV and recorded by the CMS detector. The inclusive cross section for Z/gamma* + b-jet production is measured in a sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.2 inverse femtobarns. The Z/gamma* + b-jet cross section with Z/gamma* to ll (where ll = ee or mu mu) for events with the invariant mass 60 < M(ll) < 120 GeV, at least one b jet at the hadron level with pT > 25 GeV and abs(eta) < 2.1, and a separation between the leptons and the jets of Delta R > 0.5 is found to be 5.84 +/- 0.08 (stat.) +/- 0.72 (syst.) +(0.25)/-(0.55) (theory) pb. The kinematic properties of the events are also studied and found to be in agreement with the predictions made by the MadGraph event generator with the parton shower and the hadronisation performed by PYTHIA.Comment: Submitted to the Journal of High Energy Physic